Longevity Wiki - User contributions [en-GB]

Blue zones

2022-02-14T07:20:14Z

Mcwhinns: Controversy about record keeping

{{Draft-article }}

== Introduction ==
Longevity Blue Zones (LBZ), or simply "Blue Zones", are geographic regions that are thought to display unusually high rates of longevity.

First identified by Gianni Pes and Michel Poulain, there are currently five places on Earth identified as LBZs. Those are:

* Sardinia, Italy
* The islands of Okinawa, Japan
* Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica
* Loma Linda, United States
* Sardinia, Italy
* Costa RicaIcaria, Greece

== The 5 Blue Zones ==

=== Ikaria, Greece ===

=== Sardinia, Italy ===

=== Okinawa, Japan ===
The Ryukyu islands are a chain of islands that stretch from Kyushu, Japan, south-west to Taiwan. Okinawa Island is the largest island, historically home to the Ryukyu Kingdom and presently the capital of the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. It has a modern population of around 150 million people.

Lifestyle and dietary factors such as continued physical excursion and social interaction well into old age, a diet rich in locally grown vegetables, and a low sense of urgency are thought to contribute to a long life-expectancy in Okinawa.

==== Controversy ====
There are two factors calling into question the status of Okinawa as a 'Blue Zone'.

# Due to devastation during World War II, many records were lost. From the survivors, claims of longevity —both past and present— are hard to corroborate.
# Modernisation and Americanisation of the local lifestyle have lead to a decrease in life-expectancy.
See below for more detailed controversy.

=== Loma Linda, California, USA ===

=== Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica ===

== Diet in the Blue Zones ==

=== Plant-Based Diets ===

=== Dietary Moderation ===

=== Alcohol ===

==== Controversy ====
Alcohol consumption is a common practice in most cultures around the world and little explanation is offered as to why it is contributing to longevity in the identified LBZ.

Many scientific studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to try to assess the various beneficial claims of alcohol consumption, however the results range from dubious or inconclusive<ref>Kim, J. W., Lee, D. Y., Lee, B. C., Jung, M. H., Kim, H., Choi, Y. S., & Choi, I. G. (2012). Alcohol and cognition in the elderly: a review. ''Psychiatry investigation'', ''9''(1), 8–16. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.8</nowiki></ref> to recommendations that "alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible"<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911450/ Han, L., & Jia, J. (2021). Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China. ''BMC geriatrics'', ''21''(1), 699. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02606-y]</ref>.

== Lifestyle in the Blue Zones ==

=== Low Stress ===

=== Sense of Purpose ===

=== Social Connection ===

==== Family ====

==== Religion ====

==== Other ====

== Controversy ==
Statistical analysis of supercentenarians hints to inconsistencies and fraud underlying the high claims of some research<ref>Saul Justin Newman (2020) (preprint) Supercentenarian and remarkable age records exhibit patterns indicative of clerical errors and pension fraud. ''bioRxiv 704080'';

doi: <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1101/704080</nowiki></ref>.

== Longevity Studies ==
Resources:

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1495

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556504002141?casa_token=Kr3v3ey1PPoAAAAA:yZzU3VYKe_od8zF1YWQqYJq6FzpNoULM0HHBwEqizetwsJrGmgmlMoYEOhHHXDz6tpchqYW6FNA

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6602

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43050798

https://dial.uclouvain.be/downloader/downloader.php?pid=boreal:176044&datastream=PDF_01

https://search.proquest.com/openview/f0be273bd0cb8fa5cdb35ba91edfd728/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1346341&casa_token=eZXki4xBfaQAAAAA:_lB_NpnseHsNvwHottZ-Ar7IAg5_sFm8swvrWRlIZR3_tp1bLPZprc6wSbSafkycBfE5UxoiZDE

http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1899/longevity-blue-zone-centenarians-an-expository-paper

https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2014230

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.788497

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/blue-zones#:~:text=Summary%3A%20Blue%20Zones%20are%20areas,%E2%80%9330%25%20role%20in%20longevity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Zone

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/11/398325030/eating-to-break-100-longevity-diet-tips-from-the-blue-zones

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200512-the-ingredients-that-hold-the-secret-to-a-long-life

http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1899/longevity-blue-zone-centenarians-an-expository-paper

Blue zones

2022-02-08T05:34:10Z

Mcwhinns: /* Diet in the Blue Zones */ Adding controversy about alcohol consumption as a longevity claim

{{Draft-article }}

== Introduction ==
Longevity Blue Zones (LBZ), or simply "Blue Zones", are geographic regions that are thought to display unusually high rates of longevity.

First identified by Gianni Pes and Michel Poulain, there are currently five places on Earth identified as LBZs. Those are:

* Sardinia, Italy
* The islands of Okinawa, Japan
* Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica
* Loma Linda, United States
* Sardinia, Italy
* Costa RicaIcaria, Greece

== The 5 Blue Zones ==

=== Ikaria, Greece ===

=== Sardinia, Italy ===

=== Okinawa, Japan ===
The Ryukyu islands are a chain of islands that stretch from Kyushu, Japan, south-west to Taiwan. Okinawa Island is the largest island, historically home to the Ryukyu Kingdom and presently the capital of the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa. It has a modern population of around 150 million people.

Lifestyle and dietary factors such as continued physical excursion and social interaction well into old age, a diet rich in locally grown vegetables, and a low sense of urgency are thought to contribute to a long life-expectancy in Okinawa.

==== Controversy ====
There are two factors calling into question the status of Okinawa as a 'Blue Zone'.

# Due to devastation during World War II, many records were lost. From the survivors, claims of longevity —both past and present— are hard to corroborate.
# Modernisation and Americanisation of the local lifestyle have lead to a decrease in life-expectancy.

=== Loma Linda, California, USA ===

=== Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica ===

== Diet in the Blue Zones ==

=== Plant-Based Diets ===

=== Dietary Moderation ===

=== Alcohol ===

==== Controversy ====
Alcohol consumption is a common practice in most cultures around the world and little explanation is offered as to why it is contributing to longevity in the identified LBZ.

Many scientific studies and meta-analyses have been conducted to try to assess the various beneficial claims of alcohol consumption, however the results range from dubious or inconclusive<ref>Kim, J. W., Lee, D. Y., Lee, B. C., Jung, M. H., Kim, H., Choi, Y. S., & Choi, I. G. (2012). Alcohol and cognition in the elderly: a review. ''Psychiatry investigation'', ''9''(1), 8–16. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2012.9.1.8</nowiki></ref> to recommendations that "alcohol intake should be avoided as much as possible"<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34911450/ Han, L., & Jia, J. (2021). Long-term effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive function in seniors: a cohort study in China. ''BMC geriatrics'', ''21''(1), 699. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02606-y]</ref>.

== Lifestyle in the Blue Zones ==

=== Low Stress ===

=== Sense of Purpose ===

=== Social Connection ===

==== Family ====

==== Religion ====

==== Other ====

== Longevity Studies ==
Resources:

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1495

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531556504002141?casa_token=Kr3v3ey1PPoAAAAA:yZzU3VYKe_od8zF1YWQqYJq6FzpNoULM0HHBwEqizetwsJrGmgmlMoYEOhHHXDz6tpchqYW6FNA

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/12/6602

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43050798

https://dial.uclouvain.be/downloader/downloader.php?pid=boreal:176044&datastream=PDF_01

https://search.proquest.com/openview/f0be273bd0cb8fa5cdb35ba91edfd728/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1346341&casa_token=eZXki4xBfaQAAAAA:_lB_NpnseHsNvwHottZ-Ar7IAg5_sFm8swvrWRlIZR3_tp1bLPZprc6wSbSafkycBfE5UxoiZDE

http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1899/longevity-blue-zone-centenarians-an-expository-paper

https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2014230

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.788497

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/blue-zones#:~:text=Summary%3A%20Blue%20Zones%20are%20areas,%E2%80%9330%25%20role%20in%20longevity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Zone

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/04/11/398325030/eating-to-break-100-longevity-diet-tips-from-the-blue-zones

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200512-the-ingredients-that-hold-the-secret-to-a-long-life

http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1899/longevity-blue-zone-centenarians-an-expository-paper

Blue zones

2022-02-08T04:21:19Z

Mcwhinns: Added Headings for the /* Lifestyle in the Blue Zones */ section according to the Blue Zone website.

Blue zones

2022-02-08T04:17:58Z

Mcwhinns: /* Introduction */ spelling error

Blue zones

2022-02-08T04:17:01Z

Mcwhinns: Added summary of Okinawa as a Blue Zone

Blue zones

2021-12-18T03:02:16Z

Mcwhinns: /* The 5 blue zones */ added an introduction

Handbook:Content Writer Meetings

2021-10-23T08:27:45Z

Mcwhinns: spelling of surname corrected

== 19/10/2021 ==

=== 🧍 Attending ===
*Jack Harley
*Ben Wu
*Lindsay Ciocco
*Lara Milwid
*Maximilian Schulz

=== 📣 Updates ===

* Updates on Pillar Articles:
** Introductory Article: Max Schulz wants to contribute starting November (but first version is done)
** COVID and Aging Article (Ben): Wants it to be reviewed by Max Schons (for example)
** Epigenetic Repgoramming: Ben is just fixing the last grammar errors and wants to put it up for review then
** Biomarkers of Healthspan: Max Schons wrote a first version on Google Docs, Max Schulz should reach out and review the docs
** Aging and Neurodegeneration: Only sections that Habakuk wrote in Google Docs should be migrated to the wiki article, then ready for review
* Lara Milwid started writing about Negligible senescence and Telomeres, shared questions around citations and diagrams (see action items)
* We talked about ways to access scientific papers:
** [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ PubMed] often has open access
** [https://sci-hub.se/ Sci-Hub] and [https://libgen.is/ Library Genesis] together give access to most papers (preferred search via DOI number)
* We agreed that Max Schulz and Jack Harley will reach out to content writers next week
* We discussed that we should evaluate to move the content writer meeting to the weekend to give more people access (should be decided via a poll)

{| class="wikitable"
|
===✅ Action Items===

*Give some guidance on how and where to cite sources in articles (e.g. citing at the end of a paragraph if the whole content is from one source) (Jack)
*Remove the warning in the handbook that states we should not use any external figures. It was clarified that as a non-profit, educational organization we can include any figure as long as we cite the source and remove it upon request by the original author. (Jack)
*Follow-up with content writers and create a poll to check if we should move the meeting to weekends
*
|}
== 21/09/2021 ==

===📓Preparation Notes===
''Max Schulz:''

* New process for draft articles created (see [https://en.longevitywiki.org/wiki/Handbook:Handbook#:~:text=The%20Contribute%20menu-,Create%20a%20page,-%5Bedit%5D Handbook], to be shared at the next content writer meeting as well):
**[[Template:Draft-article|Draft Article banner template]] should be added to beginning of article via <nowiki>{{ Draft-article }}</nowiki> (without spaces), automatically adding a banner and the "Drafts" category (maybe in the future add automatically for new pages/articles?)
**Moved some (non-glossary) articles into Drafts that were very obvious ([https://en.longevitywiki.org/wiki/Articles#:~:text=Risk%20Factor-,Drafts,-%5Bedit%5D Articles Drafts Section])
**Note: The DPL Extensions on the Articles page take a while to update the lists when articles are moved between categories ([[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Qdku9ow0v2z2krrv|MediaWiki Topic]] | [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T13685 Related Issue])
*Proposal: New category of articles (Category: "Ethics")
**We distinguish between "Scientific" (Category: Longevity, should be changed) and "Ethical" articles on longevity
**No planned articles yet, should come from the community
**Ethical articles should also conform to a Wiki standard, presenting both sides of an argument and trying to be as objective as possible (compared to more biased articles, e.g. from Lifespan.io.

=== 🧍 Attending ===
*Jack Harley
*Ben Wu
*Stuart McWhinney
*Lindsay Ciocco
*Sharon Wong
*Robin Howlett
*Andreas Lie Massey
*Timothy Porterfield

=== 📣 Updates ===
''Jack Harley:''

* The Trello board is the key organizational hub for content creation
* Articles in progress should be assigned a Trello card with a link to the Wiki page.
* The [[Handbook:Handbook|Handbook]] is the centralized knowledge base - for any questions, refer to this resource
* Content writers may ask for assistance in the 'content writers' channel of Discord
* Has begun work on ''Aging and Neurodegeneration'' article which will be completed in 1-2 weeks' time
* Jack and Ben Wu are happy to assist with researching content for the Wiki
* Content writers can feel free to suggest new topics in the 'unassigned' tab of the Trello board
* Ethical articles should be less biased, as per Max's point
* Content writers meetings will be at this same time (10.30 am London time / 9.30 am GMT / 11.30 am CET / 7.30 pm AEST / 5.30 am ET) every ''two weeks''. The next meeting will be on the 5th of October.

''Sharon Wong:''

* Has created a translation guide, which has been posted in the Discord server. Is seeking feedback and advice before it is added to the Handbook.

''Andreas Lie Massey:''

* Will resume working on the ''Fisetin'' article once exams have concluded.

''Stuart McWhinney:''

* Is beginning work on ''Blue Zones'' article
* Is managing the [https://discord.gg/JrXv42jUyS Discord server] and encouraged feedback for the server to be directed to him for implementation. The goal is to ensure the server is welcoming to new volunteers.
* Encouraged content writers not to be shy, as the Wiki is an ongoing, collaborative process and mistakes can be corrected as the content is expanded.

''Ben Wu:''

* Noted that the '<nowiki>{{ Draft-article }}</nowiki> ' text required to be added to the beginning of an article to categorise it as a 'draft' ''must be copied and pasted'', and cannot be typed.

''Timothy Porterfield:''

* Has completed two articles, on ''Gotu Kola'' and ''Mitochondrial Dysfunction.'' Wanted to know whether he should post Google Docs content on the Wiki. It was decided that all content should be drafted and edited on the Wiki itself.

''Robin Howlett:''

* Seeking assistance for 'Longevity and Equality' article. Ben, Stuart and Jack provided links and references on this topic.

== 07/09/2021 ==

===📓Preparation Notes===
''Max Schulz:''

*'''Proposed Content writer meeting process'''
** Introductions by new members (short, 1 min / person):
***Name & where you are based
***Background & interest in longevity
***What topics you want to contribute to
**Meeting notes writer?
**Content writer manager (Max) sharing process & technology updates
**Going through pillar articles updates (content, reviews, contributions)
**Round table: Unblocking writers - suggestions what to write on, asking for reviews etc.
* '''Proposed Trello board process'''
** Article writing is organized on the Trello board: [https://trello.com/b/mfwbyEB6/content-creators Trello Board] | [https://trello.com/invite/b/mfwbyEB6/1ff12fd226e42d2568ac681b858e3342/content-creators Invitation Link]
** Three kind of articles: "Pillar Articles" (Expert Knowledge), "General Articles" (Open to anyone) and "Glossary" (2-3 sentences description from a longevity perspective) | [[Articles]] page is now organised accordingly
***On Trello: Pillar articles are labeled (as well as the introductory article)
*** Categories to use when saving articles: "Pillar Articles", "Longevity", "Glossary" '''(handbook has to be updated accordingly)'''
**Trello board organisation:
***Unsassigned for article ideas
***Assigned when someone wants to write an article
***Once working on a draft: In progress
*** When finished with a first draft: In Review (merged past columns)
***When reviewed by at least one other writer in the group: Completed
** Articles are never '''really''' done, as science progresses, so if you want to add something meaningful - please do so and share your idea both on Trello and this meeting!
**Feel free to add ideas about the processes & tools either in these meetings or on the Trello column "Feedback for tooling & organisation"!
**Non-structured contributions: Just get started writing on topics that interest you - the Trello board is to synchronise your efforts with the team and share your work!
*'''Process for creating drafts directly on Wiki:'''
**I think it would be great if we also wrote the drafts directly into the wiki; Instead of creating local google docs
**References from Wikipedia: [[wikipedia:Wikipedia:Drafts|Draft Namespace]] | [[mediawikiwiki:Draft_namespace|MediaWiki Draft Discussions]]
**Possibilities: change title, e.g. "[DRAFT] Biomarkers of healthspan", use Draft Namespace or Category, or simply add a template banner at the start of an article and/or section (used like this <nowiki>{{ Draft-article }}</nowiki>)
**Max simple proposal (for now): Add template banner and discuss directly on the draft, adding comments with the comment feature of the editor (see source)
*'''Goal is to have 4 pillar articles - by Max, Jack, Ben and the Rapamycin articles - by the end of September 2021'''
*Kindly ask all writers to complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScnXVdwTutWe_xNt6wJMPoXu_v9QBLb1A7QrBXRXXBifUyESg/viewform?usp=send_form volunteer form] to help keep a record
*Meeting slot not set in stone, will send out a doodle again with more choice after this meeting (with ~10 days response deadline)

===🧍 Attending===

*Maximilian Schulz
*Jack Harley
*Ben Wu
*Joly Ghanawi
*Habakuk Hain
*Lindsay Ciocco
*Sharon Wong
*Robin Howlett

===📣 Updates===

*Introductions of all participants, newcomers:
**Habakuk Hain: Graduate with an MD and something like a Master’s in Molecular Biology from the University of Göttingen in 2022 - interested in contributing to Neurodegeneration article
**Robin Howlett: Non-technical background, interested in writing about the ethical implications of longevity
*Process updates shared, see Preparation Notes - in addition discussed:
**'''Drafting process: Draft Banner (using templates), Category "Draft" and using Editor comments to discuss'''
**It was brought up that we should make discussion pages visible to have discussions on existing articles as well
*Updates on pillar articles:
**Overview Article: Max Schulz and Ben to collaborate on this
**Rapamycin (Ben): Completed to a high standard, ready to share
**Epigenetic reprogramming (Ben & Lindsay): Requires a few additions, that are currently being worked on
**Aging and Neurodegeneration (Jack): Draft for aging and neurodegeneration article can be completed by the end of September. Habakuk could collaborate?
**COVID-19 and Aging (Ben): Max Schons can begin work on this after completing the biomarkers of healthspan piece (additional perspective of infectious disease research)
*Other longevity articles:
**References need to be added for calorie restriction article - will be done by Joly
*New writers can contribute to ‘unassigned’ topics, in particular drugs purported to extend lifespan. The rapamycin article can be used as a ‘template’ – specifically the subheadings (Note: process should be added to handbook)
*Sharon Wong: Will put together a table to summarise main challenges and points to note for the translation efforts
*In addition to the Wiki itself, discussions for specific articles can also be had in the ‘content writers chat’ channel on Discord - but the wiki is preferred whenever possible.

{| class="wikitable"
|
===✅ Action Items===

*Enable drafting process & document in the handbook (Max Schulz)
*Enable discussion pages on Wiki (Max Schulz)
*
|}

Mitochondria

2021-09-15T10:46:01Z

Mcwhinns: Added internal link section, linking to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondria are sub-cellular structures (organelles) that are responsible for the generation of ATP, a high-energy molecule that is used by cells as a store of energy. With the exception of mature red blood cells, mitochondria can be found in every cell in the human body. Mitochondria contain a genome separate from the genome found in the cell nucleus.

== Internal Links ==

* [[Mitochondrial dysfunction]]

== External Links ==

* Read more about mitochondria on Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion)

[[Category:Glossary]]

Mitochondria

2021-09-07T21:58:01Z

Mcwhinns: Created the page for 'mitochondria' with a basic definition

Mitochondria are sub-cellular structures (organelles) that are responsible for the generation of ATP, a high-energy molecule that is used by cells as a store of energy. With the exception of mature red blood cells, mitochondria can be found in every cell in the human body. Mitochondria contain a genome separate from the genome found in the cell nucleus.

== External Links ==

* Read more about mitochondria on Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion)

[[Category:Glossary]]