Epigenetic reprogramming - Revision history

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Epigenetics */

2024-03-27T18:16:59Z

Epigenetics

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 27 March 2024
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	== Epigenetics ==		== Epigenetics ==
	Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable yet modifiable features or marks on the genome which contribute to gene expression. These features impact the chromatin structure without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and function to regulate how genes are transcribed into proteins.<ref name=":0">Moosavi, A., & Ardekani, A. M. (2016). Role of epigenetics in biology and human diseases. In ''Iranian Biomedical Journal'' (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 246–258). Pasteur Institute of Iran. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.22045/ibj.2016.01</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1">''Genetics, Epigenetic Mechanism - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf''. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532999/?report=classic</nowiki></ref>		Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable yet modifiable features or marks on the genome which contribute to gene expression. These features impact the chromatin structure without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and function to regulate how genes are transcribed into proteins.<ref name=":0">Moosavi, A., & Ardekani, A. M. (2016). Role of epigenetics in biology and human diseases. In ''Iranian Biomedical Journal'' (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 246–258). Pasteur Institute of Iran. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.22045/ibj.2016.01</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1">''Genetics, Epigenetic Mechanism - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf''. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532999/?report=classic</nowiki></ref>

			The forms of youthful information storage have been reported to include DNA modifications, histone modifications, RNA modifications, noncoding (nc)RNAs, DNA–RNA hybrids such as R-loops, and protein–DNA interactions.<ref>Aging Biomarker Consortium, Bao, H., Cao, J., Chen, M., Chen, M., Chen, W., ... & Liu, G. H. (2023). Biomarkers of aging. Science China Life Sciences, 66(5), 893-1066. PMID: 37076725 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10115486/ PMC10115486] DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2305-0</ref><ref>Wu, Z., Zhang, W., Qu, J., & Liu, G. H. (2024). Emerging epigenetic insights into aging mechanisms and interventions. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 45(2), 157-172 PMID: 38216430 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2023.12.002 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.12.002]</ref>

	The most prominent and well-studied of these epigenetic features is DNA methylation.<ref>Reik, W., Dean, W., & Walter, J. (2001). Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. In ''Science'' (Vol. 293, Issue 5532, pp. 1089–1093). American Association for the Advancement of Science. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063443</nowiki></ref><ref>Li, Y. (2021). Modern epigenetics methods in biological research. ''Methods'', ''187'', 104–113. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMETH.2020.06.022</nowiki></ref> Measurements of DNA methylation patterns have also been used to form the basis for [[Epigenetic clock\|epigenetic aging clocks]], as a potential measure of biological age across the mammalian kingdom.<ref>Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. ''Genome Biology'', ''14''(10). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115</nowiki></ref> Other epigenetic changes include histone modifications and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated gene silencing.<ref name=":1" />		The most prominent and well-studied of these epigenetic features is DNA methylation.<ref>Reik, W., Dean, W., & Walter, J. (2001). Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development. In ''Science'' (Vol. 293, Issue 5532, pp. 1089–1093). American Association for the Advancement of Science. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063443</nowiki></ref><ref>Li, Y. (2021). Modern epigenetics methods in biological research. ''Methods'', ''187'', 104–113. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YMETH.2020.06.022</nowiki></ref> Measurements of DNA methylation patterns have also been used to form the basis for [[Epigenetic clock\|epigenetic aging clocks]], as a potential measure of biological age across the mammalian kingdom.<ref>Horvath, S. (2013). DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. ''Genome Biology'', ''14''(10). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2013-14-10-r115</nowiki></ref> Other epigenetic changes include histone modifications and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated gene silencing.<ref name=":1" />

	== Epigenetic reprogramming as a rejuvenation strategy ==		== Epigenetic reprogramming as a rejuvenation strategy ==

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Further reading */

2024-03-15T20:39:47Z

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 19:46, 15 March 2024

2024-03-15T19:46:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:46, 15 March 2024
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	Epigenetic reprogramming generally refers to a significant global remodeling of epigenetic features of DNA. Historically, this term has referred to changes occurring in the context of early organismal development. It has also been referenced in relation to cancer and other disease states.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7">Feinberg, A. P. (2018). The key role of epigenetics in human disease prevention and mitigation. ''New England Journal of Medicine'', ''378''(14), 1323-1334.</ref>		Epigenetic reprogramming generally refers to a significant global remodeling of epigenetic features of DNA. Historically, this term has referred to changes occurring in the context of early organismal development. It has also been referenced in relation to cancer and other disease states.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7">Feinberg, A. P. (2018). The key role of epigenetics in human disease prevention and mitigation. ''New England Journal of Medicine'', ''378''(14), 1323-1334.</ref>

	Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref>		Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref><ref>Yücel, A. D., & Gladyshev, V. N. (2024). The long and winding road of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1941. PMID: 38431638 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10908844/ PMC10908844] [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46020-5 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46020-5]</ref>

	Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. Importantly, there is first evidence that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals is able to extend lifespan. Macip et al. (2023)<ref name="Macip" >Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 Doi: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522507] also: (Feb 2024). Cellular Reprogramming, 26(1). [https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2023.0072 Doi: 10.1089/cell.2023.0072] </ref> observed a significant effect of partial reprogramming on late stage median lifespan when applied to aged wild type mice. Using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to systemically deliver OSK to 124-week-old mice, the group showed that IVPR could extend the remaining median lifespan of treated mice by 109%.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" >Paine P.T., Ada Nguyen, Ocampo A. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039 Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039</ref>		Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. Importantly, there is first evidence that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals is able to extend lifespan. Macip et al. (2023)<ref name="Macip" >Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 Doi: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522507] also: (Feb 2024). Cellular Reprogramming, 26(1). [https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2023.0072 Doi: 10.1089/cell.2023.0072] </ref> observed a significant effect of partial reprogramming on late stage median lifespan when applied to aged wild type mice. Using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to systemically deliver OSK to 124-week-old mice, the group showed that IVPR could extend the remaining median lifespan of treated mice by 109%.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" >Paine P.T., Ada Nguyen, Ocampo A. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039 Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039</ref>

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 17:24, 24 February 2024

2024-02-24T17:24:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 24 February 2024
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	Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref>		Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref>

	Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. Importantly, there is first evidence that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals is able to extend lifespan. Macip et al. (2023)<ref name="Macip" >Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 Doi: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522507]</ref> observed a significant effect of partial reprogramming on late stage median lifespan when applied to aged wild type mice. Using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to systemically deliver OSK to 124-week-old mice, the group showed that IVPR could extend the remaining median lifespan of treated mice by 109%.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" >Paine P.T., Ada Nguyen, Ocampo A. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039 Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039</ref>		Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. Importantly, there is first evidence that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals is able to extend lifespan. Macip et al. (2023)<ref name="Macip" >Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 Doi: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522507] also: (Feb 2024). Cellular Reprogramming, 26(1). [https://doi.org/10.1089/cell.2023.0072 Doi: 10.1089/cell.2023.0072] </ref> observed a significant effect of partial reprogramming on late stage median lifespan when applied to aged wild type mice. Using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to systemically deliver OSK to 124-week-old mice, the group showed that IVPR could extend the remaining median lifespan of treated mice by 109%.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" >Paine P.T., Ada Nguyen, Ocampo A. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039 Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039</ref>

	== Epigenetics ==		== Epigenetics ==

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Further reading */

2023-12-15T17:03:04Z

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Further reading */

2023-12-15T17:02:15Z

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 10:13, 4 December 2023

2023-12-04T10:13:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:13, 4 December 2023
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	Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref>		Within the context of longevity research, the term has more specifically been used to refer to a new strategy for cellular rejuvenation.<ref name=":2">Roux, A., Zhang, C., Paw, J., Zavala-Solorio, J., Vijay, T., Kolumam, G., Kenyon, C., & Kimmel, J. C. (2021). Partial reprogramming restores youthful gene expression through transient suppression of cell identity. ''BioRxiv'', 2021.05.21.444556.</ref><ref name=":3">Lu, Y., Brommer, B., Tian, X., Krishnan, A., Meer, M., Wang, C., Vera, D. L., Zeng, Q., Yu, D., Bonkowski, M. S., Yang, J. H., Zhou, S., Hoffmann, E. M., Karg, M. M., Schultz, M. B., Kane, A. E., Davidsohn, N., Korobkina, E., Chwalek, K., … Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision. ''Nature'', ''588''(7836), 124–129. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4</nowiki></ref><ref name=":9">Simpson, D. J., Olova, N. N., & Chandra, T. (2021). Cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation. ''Clinical Epigenetics'', ''13''(1), 1-10.</ref> This article focuses on a narrower definition of epigenetic reprogramming known as reprogramming-induced rejuvenation (RIR), which aims to induce in vivo cellular rejuvenation to continually rewind the clock of aging as a way to prevent, treat, or reverse the diseases of aging.<ref name=":9" /><ref>Yu, J., Li, T., & Zhu, J. (2023). Gene Therapy Strategies Targeting Aging-Related Diseases. Aging and disease, 14(2), 398. PMID: 37008065 PMC: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10017145/ 10017145] DOI: [https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2022.00725 10.14336/AD.2022.00725]</ref>

	Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. ~~However and importantly~~, there is no evidence ~~yet~~ that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals ~~of any species~~ is able to extend lifespan.		Interventions so far indicate that epigenetic reprogramming is capable of rejuvenating animal tissues as seen by both aging clocks and functional markers. Importantly, there is first evidence that epigenetic reprogramming in wild type animals is able to extend lifespan. Macip et al. (2023)<ref name="Macip" >Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. [https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 Doi: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522507]</ref> observed a significant effect of partial reprogramming on late stage median lifespan when applied to aged wild type mice. Using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector to systemically deliver OSK to 124-week-old mice, the group showed that IVPR could extend the remaining median lifespan of treated mice by 109%.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" >Paine P.T., Ada Nguyen, Ocampo A. (2023). [https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039 Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology]. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039</ref>

	== Epigenetics ==		== Epigenetics ==
	Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable yet modifiable features or marks on the genome which contribute to gene expression. These features impact the chromatin structure without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and function to regulate how genes are transcribed into proteins.<ref name=":0">Moosavi, A., & Ardekani, A. M. (2016). Role of epigenetics in biology and human diseases. In ''Iranian Biomedical Journal'' (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 246–258). Pasteur Institute of Iran. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.22045/ibj.2016.01</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1">''Genetics, Epigenetic Mechanism - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf''. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532999/?report=classic</nowiki></ref>		Epigenetics refers to the study of heritable yet modifiable features or marks on the genome which contribute to gene expression. These features impact the chromatin structure without any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and function to regulate how genes are transcribed into proteins.<ref name=":0">Moosavi, A., & Ardekani, A. M. (2016). Role of epigenetics in biology and human diseases. In ''Iranian Biomedical Journal'' (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 246–258). Pasteur Institute of Iran. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.22045/ibj.2016.01</nowiki></ref><ref name=":1">''Genetics, Epigenetic Mechanism - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf''. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2021, from <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532999/?report=classic</nowiki></ref>
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	=== Reprogramming induced rejuvenation ===		=== Reprogramming induced rejuvenation ===
	Applying reprogramming induced rejuvenation (RIR) in ''naturally aged'' mice has recently been shown to improve memory and cognition, promote muscle regeneration, and restore vision.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Wang, C., Ros, R. R., Martinez-Redondo, P., Ma, Z., Shi, L., Xue, Y., ... & Belmonte, J. C. I. (2021). In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche. ''Nature Communications'', ''12''(1), 1-15.</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Matellán, A., Alcazar, N., Hernández, F., Serrano, M., & Ávila, J. (2020). In Vivo Reprogramming Ameliorates Aging Features in Dentate Gyrus Cells and Improves Memory in Mice. ''Stem cell reports'', ''15''(5), 1056-1066.</ref> Analyses using epigenetic aging clocks, which measure some aspects of biological age, show that cellular reprogramming resets epigenetic age.<ref>Ocampo, A., Reddy, P., & Belmonte, J. C. I. (2016). Anti-aging strategies based on cellular reprogramming. ''Trends in molecular medicine'', ''22''(8), 725-738.</ref>		Applying reprogramming induced rejuvenation (RIR) in ''naturally aged'' mice has recently been shown to improve memory and cognition, promote muscle regeneration, and restore vision.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Wang, C., Ros, R. R., Martinez-Redondo, P., Ma, Z., Shi, L., Xue, Y., ... & Belmonte, J. C. I. (2021). In vivo partial reprogramming of myofibers promotes muscle regeneration by remodeling the stem cell niche. ''Nature Communications'', ''12''(1), 1-15.</ref><ref>Rodríguez-Matellán, A., Alcazar, N., Hernández, F., Serrano, M., & Ávila, J. (2020). In Vivo Reprogramming Ameliorates Aging Features in Dentate Gyrus Cells and Improves Memory in Mice. ''Stem cell reports'', ''15''(5), 1056-1066.</ref> Analyses using epigenetic aging clocks, which measure some aspects of biological age, show that cellular reprogramming resets epigenetic age.<ref>Ocampo, A., Reddy, P., & Belmonte, J. C. I. (2016). Anti-aging strategies based on cellular reprogramming. ''Trends in molecular medicine'', ''22''(8), 725-738.</ref><ref name="Ocampo" />

	It has been envisioned by some scientists as a therapy that could be used periodically, perhaps every few decades, to continually reverse aging in humans.<ref name=":11">Sinclair, D. A., & LaPlante, M. D. (2019). ''Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don't Have To''. Atria Books.</ref>		It has been envisioned by some scientists as a therapy that could be used periodically, perhaps every few decades, to continually reverse aging in humans.<ref name=":11">Sinclair, D. A., & LaPlante, M. D. (2019). ''Lifespan: Why We Age—and Why We Don't Have To''. Atria Books.</ref>
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	It is notable that for the first time, reprogramming with OSK enables recovery of anatomy and vision after retinal damage and visual decline has already occurred in mice. This contrasts with various other previous approaches which have typically required treatment in early stages of disease, in order to show reduced progression. Epigenetic rejuvenation has the potential to not only address early glaucoma, but also an unmet need in late-stage glaucoma patients who have already lost retinal ganglion cells and functional vision.		It is notable that for the first time, reprogramming with OSK enables recovery of anatomy and vision after retinal damage and visual decline has already occurred in mice. This contrasts with various other previous approaches which have typically required treatment in early stages of disease, in order to show reduced progression. Epigenetic rejuvenation has the potential to not only address early glaucoma, but also an unmet need in late-stage glaucoma patients who have already lost retinal ganglion cells and functional vision.

	Studies have demonstrated that partial reprogramming using the Yamanaka factors (or a subset; OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4; OSK) not only can reverse age-related changes ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'', but are also '''capable of extending the lifespan''', for example, of aged wild type mice. Systemically delivered AAVs, encoding an inducible OSK system, in 124-week-old mice extends the median remaining lifespan by 109% over wild-type controls and enhances several health parameters.<ref>Macip, C. C., Hasan, R., Hoznek, V., Kim, J., Metzger IV, L. E., Sethna, S., & Davidsohn, N. (2023). Gene Therapy Mediated Partial Reprogramming Extends Lifespan and Reverses Age-Related Changes in Aged Mice. bioRxiv, 2023-01. https:/~~/doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507~~</~~ref~~>		Studies have demonstrated that partial reprogramming using the Yamanaka factors (or a subset; OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4; OSK) not only can reverse age-related changes ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'', but are also '''capable of extending the lifespan''', for example, of aged wild type mice. Systemically delivered AAVs, encoding an inducible OSK system, in 124-week-old mice extends the median remaining lifespan by 109% over wild-type controls and enhances several health parameters.<ref name="Macip" /><ref name="Ocampo" />

	=== Multipotent transcription factors ===		=== Multipotent transcription factors ===

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Partial reprogramming using Yamanaka factors */

2023-11-29T17:39:25Z

Partial reprogramming using Yamanaka factors

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 29 November 2023
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	=== Partial reprogramming using Yamanaka factors ===		=== Partial reprogramming using Yamanaka factors ===
			[[File:Age reprogramming.jpg\|thumb\| Senescent cells can be reprogrammed in two ways: first, through developmental reprogramming using OSKM or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), and second, through age reprogramming by bypassing the de-/re-differentiation cycle, reducing or silencing age-related markers, and retaining their original identity. According to Aguirre M. et al.<ref>Aguirre M, Escobar M, Forero Amézquita S, Cubillos D, Rincón C, Vanegas P, Tarazona MP, Atuesta Escobar S, Blanco JC, Celis LG. (2023). Application of the Yamanaka Transcription Factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc from the Laboratory to the Clinic. Genes. 14(9):1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14091697</ref>]]
	Scientists in the aging biology field have since expanded upon this work to show that a partial version of this epigenetic reprogramming technique may reverse multiple aspects of aging.<ref name=":6">Ocampo, A., Reddy, P., Martinez-Redondo, P., Platero-Luengo, A., Hatanaka, F., Hishida, T., Li, M., Lam, D., Kurita, M., Beyret, E., Araoka, T., Vazquez-Ferrer, E., Donoso, D., Roman, J. L., Xu, J., Rodriguez Esteban, C., Nuñez, G., Nuñez Delicado, E., Campistol, J. M., … Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. (2016). In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming. ''Cell'', ''167''(7), 1719-1733.e12. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.052</nowiki></ref> Work from Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte's lab showed that it is possible to modify the reprogramming technique and achieve 'youthful' rejuvenation, without resetting a cell with a defined identity into a stem cell. This is known as partial reprogramming, and commonly referred to as epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetic aging clocks, which measure the methylation status of various tissues and predict biological age, have been observed to be reset with partial cellular reprogramming.<ref>Olova, N., Simpson, D. J., Marioni, R. E., & Chandra, T. (2019). Partial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identity. ''Aging Cell'', ''18''(1). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12877</nowiki></ref>		Scientists in the aging biology field have since expanded upon this work to show that a partial version of this epigenetic reprogramming technique may reverse multiple aspects of aging.<ref name=":6">Ocampo, A., Reddy, P., Martinez-Redondo, P., Platero-Luengo, A., Hatanaka, F., Hishida, T., Li, M., Lam, D., Kurita, M., Beyret, E., Araoka, T., Vazquez-Ferrer, E., Donoso, D., Roman, J. L., Xu, J., Rodriguez Esteban, C., Nuñez, G., Nuñez Delicado, E., Campistol, J. M., … Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. (2016). In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming. ''Cell'', ''167''(7), 1719-1733.e12. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.052</nowiki></ref> Work from Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte's lab showed that it is possible to modify the reprogramming technique and achieve 'youthful' rejuvenation, without resetting a cell with a defined identity into a stem cell. This is known as partial reprogramming, and commonly referred to as epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetic aging clocks, which measure the methylation status of various tissues and predict biological age, have been observed to be reset with partial cellular reprogramming.<ref>Olova, N., Simpson, D. J., Marioni, R. E., & Chandra, T. (2019). Partial reprogramming induces a steady decline in epigenetic age before loss of somatic identity. ''Aging Cell'', ''18''(1). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12877</nowiki></ref>

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Reprogramming with small molecules */

2023-09-01T16:13:29Z

Reprogramming with small molecules

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 1 September 2023
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	=== Reprogramming with small molecules ===		=== Reprogramming with small molecules ===
	The safety of solely introducing exogenous transcription factors in Yamanaka factor reprogramming is controversial due to potential cancer risk from gene mutations or insertions.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /> Strategies mentioned previously involve refining the original iPSC reprogramming transcription factors, while the use of small molecules is an alternate method for epigenetic reprogramming.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>Kim, Y., Jeong, J., & Choi, D. (2020). Small-molecule-mediated reprogramming: a silver lining for regenerative medicine. ''Experimental & molecular medicine'', ''52''(2), 213-226.</ref> This strategy is also being pursued as it may have the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of exogenous transcription factor reprogramming.<ref name=":8">Lin, T., & Wu, S. (2015). Reprogramming with small molecules instead of exogenous transcription factors. ''Stem cells international'', ''2015''.</ref> For example, it was recently shown that partial epigenetic reprogramming using a combination of small molecules was able to improve liver regeneration and function in a mouse model of acute liver injury.<ref>Tang, Y., & Cheng, L. (2017). Cocktail of chemical compounds robustly promoting cell reprogramming protects liver against acute injury. ''Protein & cell'', ''8''(4), 273.</ref>		The safety of solely introducing exogenous transcription factors in Yamanaka factor reprogramming is controversial due to potential cancer risk from gene mutations or insertions.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /> Strategies mentioned previously involve refining the original iPSC reprogramming transcription factors, while the use of small molecules is an alternate method for epigenetic reprogramming.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>Kim, Y., Jeong, J., & Choi, D. (2020). Small-molecule-mediated reprogramming: a silver lining for regenerative medicine. ''Experimental & molecular medicine'', ''52''(2), 213-226.</ref> This strategy is also being pursued as it may have the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of exogenous transcription factor reprogramming.<ref name=":8">Lin, T., & Wu, S. (2015). Reprogramming with small molecules instead of exogenous transcription factors. ''Stem cells international'', ''2015''.</ref> For example, it was recently shown that partial epigenetic reprogramming using a combination of small molecules was able to improve liver regeneration and function in a mouse model of acute liver injury.<ref>Tang, Y., & Cheng, L. (2017). Cocktail of chemical compounds robustly promoting cell reprogramming protects liver against acute injury. ''Protein & cell'', ''8''(4), 273.</ref> A variety of chemical cocktails are known to be capable of rejuvenating cells and reversing transcriptomic age to a similar extent as OSK overexpression.<ref>Yang, J. H., Petty, C. A., Dixon-McDougall, T., Lopez, M. V., Tyshkovskiy, A., Maybury-Lewis, S., ... & Sinclair, D. A. (2023). Chemically induced reprogramming to reverse cellular aging. Aging (Albany NY), 15(13), 5966. PMID: 37437248 PMCID: PMC10373966 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204896</ref><ref>Wang, J., Sun, S., & Deng, H. (2023). Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives. Cell Stem Cell. PMID: 37625410 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001]</ref>

	==== Vitamin C ====		==== Vitamin C ====

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Resistance to in vivo reprogramming */

2023-09-01T15:57:31Z

Resistance to in vivo reprogramming

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:57, 1 September 2023
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	=== Resistance to in vivo reprogramming ===		=== Resistance to in vivo reprogramming ===
	In addition to delivery challenges there is variation in susceptibility of cells to epigenetic reprogramming. Susceptibility varies by cell type.<ref name=":2" /> Also, senescent cells are known to be resistant to reprogramming, though this may be amenable to adjusting the cocktail of factors or possibly through multiple rounds of reprogramming.<ref name=":16">Lapasset, L., Milhavet, O., Prieur, A., Besnard, E., Babled, A., Aït-Hamou, N., ... & Lemaitre, J. M. (2011). Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state. ''Genes & development'', ''25''(21), [tel:2248-2253 2248-2253].</ref> Senescent human fibroblast cells have been successfully reprogrammed to pluripotent cells utilizing the canonical Yamanaka factors, in addition to NANOG and LIN28.<ref name=":16" />		In addition to delivery challenges there is variation in susceptibility of cells to epigenetic reprogramming. Susceptibility varies by cell type.<ref name=":2" /> Also, senescent cells are known to be resistant to reprogramming, though this may be amenable to adjusting the cocktail of factors or possibly through multiple rounds of reprogramming.<ref name=":16">Lapasset, L., Milhavet, O., Prieur, A., Besnard, E., Babled, A., Aït-Hamou, N., ... & Lemaitre, J. M. (2011). Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state. ''Genes & development'', ''25''(21), [tel:2248-2253 2248-2253].</ref> or depletion of p16<sup>High</sup> senescence.<ref>Grigorash B.B, van Essen D, Liang G, Grosse L, Emelyanov A, Kang Z, Korablev A, Kanzler B, Molina C, Lopez E, Demidov O.N, Garrido C, Liu F, Saccani S, Bulavin D.V. (2023). p16<sup>High</sup> senescence restricts cellular plasticity during somatic cell reprogramming. Nat Cell Biol. PMID 37652981 doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01214-9</ref> Senescent human fibroblast cells have been successfully reprogrammed to pluripotent cells utilizing the canonical Yamanaka factors, in addition to NANOG and LIN28.<ref name=":16" />

	However, not only are senescent cells resistant to Yamanaka factor reprogramming, reprogramming itself may induce cellular senescence in other cells. Additionally, senescent cell activity and/or tissue damage may be a prerequisite for successful in vivo reprogramming.<ref>Banito, A., Rashid, S. T., Acosta, J. C., Li, S., Pereira, C. F., Geti, I., ... & Gil, J. (2009). Senescence impairs successful reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells. ''Genes & development'', ''23''(18), [tel:2134-2139 2134-2139].</ref><ref name=":18">Mosteiro, L., Pantoja, C., Alcazar, N., Marión, R. M., Chondronasiou, D., Rovira, M., ... & Serrano, M. (2016). Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in vivo. ''Science'', ''354''(6315).</ref><ref>Chiche, A., Le Roux, I., von Joest, M., Sakai, H., Aguín, S. B., Cazin, C., ... & Li, H. (2017). Injury-induced senescence enables in vivo reprogramming in skeletal muscle. ''Cell stem cell'', ''20''(3), 407-414.</ref> Using RIR and senescent cell elimination in combination has been proposed as way to optimize tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.<ref>Chiche, A., Chen, C., & Li, H. (2020). The crosstalk between cellular reprogramming and senescence in aging and regeneration. ''Experimental gerontology'', ''138'', 111005.</ref> Compounds that mimic cellular senescence, like the drug Palbociclib, have been shown to improve reprogramming efficiency.<ref name=":18" />		However, not only are senescent cells resistant to Yamanaka factor reprogramming, reprogramming itself may induce cellular senescence in other cells. Additionally, senescent cell activity and/or tissue damage may be a prerequisite for successful in vivo reprogramming.<ref>Banito, A., Rashid, S. T., Acosta, J. C., Li, S., Pereira, C. F., Geti, I., ... & Gil, J. (2009). Senescence impairs successful reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells. ''Genes & development'', ''23''(18), [tel:2134-2139 2134-2139].</ref><ref name=":18">Mosteiro, L., Pantoja, C., Alcazar, N., Marión, R. M., Chondronasiou, D., Rovira, M., ... & Serrano, M. (2016). Tissue damage and senescence provide critical signals for cellular reprogramming in vivo. ''Science'', ''354''(6315).</ref><ref>Chiche, A., Le Roux, I., von Joest, M., Sakai, H., Aguín, S. B., Cazin, C., ... & Li, H. (2017). Injury-induced senescence enables in vivo reprogramming in skeletal muscle. ''Cell stem cell'', ''20''(3), 407-414.</ref> Using RIR and senescent cell elimination in combination has been proposed as way to optimize tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.<ref>Chiche, A., Chen, C., & Li, H. (2020). The crosstalk between cellular reprogramming and senescence in aging and regeneration. ''Experimental gerontology'', ''138'', 111005.</ref> Compounds that mimic cellular senescence, like the drug '''Palbociclib''', have been shown to improve reprogramming efficiency.<ref name=":18" />
			The immune system of the aged somewhat resembles that of a newborn: compromised lymphocyte responses, reduced activity of macrophages and neutrophils, decreased natural killer (NK) cell killing, and reduced antigen presentation by dendritic cells.<ref>Simon, A. K., Hollander, G. A., & McMichael, A. (2015). Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1821), 20143085. PMID: 26702035 PMCID: PMC4707740 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.3085</ref> Consequently, the efficacy of in vivo partial reprogramming should significantly increase in the elderly due to the depletion of NK cells, which act as an extrinsic barrier for in vivo reprogramming.<ref>Melendez, E., Chondronasiou, D., Mosteiro, L., Martínez de Villarreal, J., Fernández-Alfara, M., Lynch, C. J., … & Serrano, M. (2022). Natural killer cells act as an extrinsic barrier for in vivo reprogramming. Development, 149(8), dev200361. PMID 35420133 doi:10.1242/dev.200361</ref>

	=== Age-reversal-age- extension (Arae) paradox ===		=== Age-reversal-age- extension (Arae) paradox ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 15 March 2024
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	* Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039		* Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039
	* Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. Preprint at bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 (2023)		* Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. Preprint at bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 (2023)
	* Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.008		* Liuyang, S., Wang, G., Wang, Y., He, H., Lyu, Y., Cheng, L., ... & Deng, H. (2023). Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell, 30(4), 450-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.008
	* Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001		* Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001
	* Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530737/		* Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530737/

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 15 December 2023
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	* Singh, P. B., & Zhakupova, A. (2022). Age reprogramming: cell rejuvenation by partial reprogramming. Development, 149(22). PMID: 36383700 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845736/ PMC9845736] DOI: 10.1242/dev.200755		* Singh, P. B., & Zhakupova, A. (2022). Age reprogramming: cell rejuvenation by partial reprogramming. Development, 149(22). PMID: 36383700 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845736/ PMC9845736] DOI: 10.1242/dev.200755
	* Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039		* Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039
	Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. Preprint at bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 (2023)		* Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. Preprint at bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 (2023)
	* Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.008		* Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.008
	* Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001		* Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 15 December 2023
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	* Huyghe, A., Trajkova, A., & Lavial, F. (2023). [https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(23)00157-5 Cellular plasticity in reprogramming, rejuvenation and tumorigenesis: a pioneer TF perspective]. Trends in Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.013		* Huyghe, A., Trajkova, A., & Lavial, F. (2023). [https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(23)00157-5 Cellular plasticity in reprogramming, rejuvenation and tumorigenesis: a pioneer TF perspective]. Trends in Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2023.07.013
	* Singh, P. B., & Zhakupova, A. (2022). Age reprogramming: cell rejuvenation by partial reprogramming. Development, 149(22). PMID: 36383700 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845736/ PMC9845736] DOI: 10.1242/dev.200755		* Singh, P. B., & Zhakupova, A. (2022). Age reprogramming: cell rejuvenation by partial reprogramming. Development, 149(22). PMID: 36383700 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9845736/ PMC9845736] DOI: 10.1242/dev.200755
			* Partial cellular reprogramming: A deep dive into an emerging rejuvenation technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14039
			Gene therapy mediated partial reprogramming extends lifespan and reverses age-related changes in aged mice. Preprint at bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.04.522507 (2023)
			* Highly efficient and rapid generation of human pluripotent stem cells by chemical reprogramming. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.02.008
			* Chemical reprogramming for cell fate manipulation: Methods, applications, and perspectives https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.08.001
			* Transplantation of Chemical Compound-Induced Cells from Human Fibroblasts Improves Locomotor Recovery in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10530737/
			* Mechanisms, pathways and strategies for rejuvenation through epigenetic reprogramming.
			(December 2023) https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00539-2

	[[Category:Main list]]		[[Category:Main list]]
	[[Category:Lifespan interventions]]		[[Category:Lifespan interventions]]
	[[Category:Fundamentals]]		[[Category:Fundamentals]]