Frailty - Revision history

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Preclinical development of treatment for frailty */

2024-03-12T15:40:10Z

Preclinical development of treatment for frailty

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 12 March 2024
Line 78:		Line 78:

	==== Preclinical development of treatment for frailty ====		==== Preclinical development of treatment for frailty ====
	Some frailty treatments that have been evaluated in in vivo models for the effectiveness of '''alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)''',<ref>Shahmirzadi, A. A., Edgar, D., Liao, C. Y., Hsu, Y. M., Lucanic, M., Shahmirzadi, A. A., ... & Lithgow, G. J. (2020). Alpha-ketoglutarate, an endogenous metabolite, extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in aging mice. Cell metabolism, 32(3), 447-456. PMID: 32877690 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508957/ PMC8508957] DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004</ref> [[Isomyosamine\|'''MyMD-1''']] ('''Isomyosamine'''),<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486]) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.</ref> '''[[rapamycin]]''', '''recombinant Sestrin 1 (rSESN1)''',<ref>Jing, Y., Zuo, Y., Sun, L., Yu, Z. R., Ma, S., Hu, H., ... & Wang, S. (2023). SESN1 is a FOXO3 effector that counteracts human skeletal muscle ageing. Cell Proliferation, e13455. PMID: 37199024 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212707/ PMC10212707] DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13455</ref> and an aminoindazole derivative, '''locamidazole (LAMZ)'''<ref>Ono, T., Denda, R., Tsukahara, Y., Nakamura, T., Okamoto, K., Takayanagi, H., & Nakashima, T. (2022). Simultaneous augmentation of muscle and bone by locomomimetism through calcium-PGC-1α signaling. Bone Research, 10(1), 52. PMID: 35918335 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345981/ PMC9345981] DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00225-w</ref> show promise in counteracting frailty.<ref>Contartese, D., Di Sarno, L., Salamanna, F., Martini, L., Fini, M., Giavaresi, G., & Veronesi, F. (2023). Exploring In Vivo Models of Musculoskeletal Frailty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 16948. PMID: 38069274 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10706801/ PMC10706801] DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316948</ref>		Some frailty treatments that have been evaluated in in vivo models for the effectiveness of '''alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)''',<ref>Naeini, S. H., Mavaddatiyan, L., Kalkhoran, Z. R., Taherkhani, S., & Talkhabi, M. (2023). Alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent regulator for lifespan and healthspan: Evidences and perspectives. Experimental Gerontology, 175, 112154. PMID: 36934991 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112154 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112154]</ref><ref>Shahmirzadi, A. A., Edgar, D., Liao, C. Y., Hsu, Y. M., Lucanic, M., Shahmirzadi, A. A., ... & Lithgow, G. J. (2020). Alpha-ketoglutarate, an endogenous metabolite, extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in aging mice. Cell metabolism, 32(3), 447-456. PMID: 32877690 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508957/ PMC8508957] DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004</ref> [[Isomyosamine\|'''MyMD-1''']] ('''Isomyosamine'''),<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486]) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.</ref> '''[[rapamycin]]''', '''recombinant Sestrin 1 (rSESN1)''',<ref>Jing, Y., Zuo, Y., Sun, L., Yu, Z. R., Ma, S., Hu, H., ... & Wang, S. (2023). SESN1 is a FOXO3 effector that counteracts human skeletal muscle ageing. Cell Proliferation, e13455. PMID: 37199024 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212707/ PMC10212707] DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13455</ref> and an aminoindazole derivative, '''locamidazole (LAMZ)'''<ref>Ono, T., Denda, R., Tsukahara, Y., Nakamura, T., Okamoto, K., Takayanagi, H., & Nakashima, T. (2022). Simultaneous augmentation of muscle and bone by locomomimetism through calcium-PGC-1α signaling. Bone Research, 10(1), 52. PMID: 35918335 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345981/ PMC9345981] DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00225-w</ref> show promise in counteracting frailty.<ref>Contartese, D., Di Sarno, L., Salamanna, F., Martini, L., Fini, M., Giavaresi, G., & Veronesi, F. (2023). Exploring In Vivo Models of Musculoskeletal Frailty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 16948. PMID: 38069274 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10706801/ PMC10706801] DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316948</ref>

	==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====		==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Prevention and treatment of frailty */

2024-02-16T08:38:26Z

Prevention and treatment of frailty

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:38, 16 February 2024
Line 76:		Line 76:

	Specialized-Oral Nutritional Supplement (S-ONS) - a specialized, nutrient-dense ready-to-drink liquid (Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA) with per-serving (237 mL) contents of 350 kcal, 20 g protein, 11 g fat, 44 g carbohydrate, 1.5 g beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) plus 160 IU vitamin D and other essential micronutrients - daily intake improved scores for mental health/cognition, vitality, social functioning, and general health in malnourished older adults.<ref>Baggs, G. E., Middleton, C., Nelson, J. L., Pereira, S. L., Hegazi, R. M., Matarese, L., ... & Deutz, N. (2023). Impact of a specialized oral nutritional supplement on quality of life in older adults following hospitalization: Post-hoc analysis of the NOURISH trial. Clinical Nutrition, 42(11), 2116-2123. PMID: 37757502 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004]</ref>		Specialized-Oral Nutritional Supplement (S-ONS) - a specialized, nutrient-dense ready-to-drink liquid (Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA) with per-serving (237 mL) contents of 350 kcal, 20 g protein, 11 g fat, 44 g carbohydrate, 1.5 g beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) plus 160 IU vitamin D and other essential micronutrients - daily intake improved scores for mental health/cognition, vitality, social functioning, and general health in malnourished older adults.<ref>Baggs, G. E., Middleton, C., Nelson, J. L., Pereira, S. L., Hegazi, R. M., Matarese, L., ... & Deutz, N. (2023). Impact of a specialized oral nutritional supplement on quality of life in older adults following hospitalization: Post-hoc analysis of the NOURISH trial. Clinical Nutrition, 42(11), 2116-2123. PMID: 37757502 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004]</ref>

			==== Preclinical development of treatment for frailty ====
			Some frailty treatments that have been evaluated in in vivo models for the effectiveness of '''alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)''',<ref>Shahmirzadi, A. A., Edgar, D., Liao, C. Y., Hsu, Y. M., Lucanic, M., Shahmirzadi, A. A., ... & Lithgow, G. J. (2020). Alpha-ketoglutarate, an endogenous metabolite, extends lifespan and compresses morbidity in aging mice. Cell metabolism, 32(3), 447-456. PMID: 32877690 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508957/ PMC8508957] DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.004</ref> [[Isomyosamine\|'''MyMD-1''']] ('''Isomyosamine'''),<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486]) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.</ref> '''[[rapamycin]]''', '''recombinant Sestrin 1 (rSESN1)''',<ref>Jing, Y., Zuo, Y., Sun, L., Yu, Z. R., Ma, S., Hu, H., ... & Wang, S. (2023). SESN1 is a FOXO3 effector that counteracts human skeletal muscle ageing. Cell Proliferation, e13455. PMID: 37199024 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10212707/ PMC10212707] DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13455</ref> and an aminoindazole derivative, '''locamidazole (LAMZ)'''<ref>Ono, T., Denda, R., Tsukahara, Y., Nakamura, T., Okamoto, K., Takayanagi, H., & Nakashima, T. (2022). Simultaneous augmentation of muscle and bone by locomomimetism through calcium-PGC-1α signaling. Bone Research, 10(1), 52. PMID: 35918335 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9345981/ PMC9345981] DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00225-w</ref> show promise in counteracting frailty.<ref>Contartese, D., Di Sarno, L., Salamanna, F., Martini, L., Fini, M., Giavaresi, G., & Veronesi, F. (2023). Exploring In Vivo Models of Musculoskeletal Frailty: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 16948. PMID: 38069274 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10706801/ PMC10706801] DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316948</ref>

	==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====		==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* References */

2024-02-09T10:46:45Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 9 February 2024
Line 93:		Line 93:
	* '''Compliant flooring''' as a passive intervention approach designed to reduce the stiffness of the ground in order to attenuate the impact forces applied to the body in the event of a fall.		* '''Compliant flooring''' as a passive intervention approach designed to reduce the stiffness of the ground in order to attenuate the impact forces applied to the body in the event of a fall.
	* '''The raised, warm, soft, toilet seat''' with adjustebl height and weight-bearing armrests allows for extended sitting without discomfort and that can be used as a raised toilet seat/bedside commode/shower chair.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/vdp/0dd81a192d2d45a48f22b3efcea4b0db The Ultimate Raised Toilet Seat, Voted 1 Most Comfortable]</ref>		* '''The raised, warm, soft, toilet seat''' with adjustebl height and weight-bearing armrests allows for extended sitting without discomfort and that can be used as a raised toilet seat/bedside commode/shower chair.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/vdp/0dd81a192d2d45a48f22b3efcea4b0db The Ultimate Raised Toilet Seat, Voted 1 Most Comfortable]</ref>

			== See also ==
			* [[Intrinsic capacity]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

	== Additional sources ==		== Additional sources ==
	1. Rockwood K, et al. CMAJ. 2005;173:489–95.		1. Rockwood K, et al. CMAJ. 2005;173:489–95.

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Prevention and treatment of frailty */

2024-01-10T04:55:07Z

Prevention and treatment of frailty

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:55, 10 January 2024
Line 74:		Line 74:

	Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>		Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>

			Specialized-Oral Nutritional Supplement (S-ONS) - a specialized, nutrient-dense ready-to-drink liquid (Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA) with per-serving (237 mL) contents of 350 kcal, 20 g protein, 11 g fat, 44 g carbohydrate, 1.5 g beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) plus 160 IU vitamin D and other essential micronutrients - daily intake improved scores for mental health/cognition, vitality, social functioning, and general health in malnourished older adults.<ref>Baggs, G. E., Middleton, C., Nelson, J. L., Pereira, S. L., Hegazi, R. M., Matarese, L., ... & Deutz, N. (2023). Impact of a specialized oral nutritional supplement on quality of life in older adults following hospitalization: Post-hoc analysis of the NOURISH trial. Clinical Nutrition, 42(11), 2116-2123. PMID: 37757502 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.004]</ref>

	==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====		==== Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury ====

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) */

2023-10-18T21:06:12Z

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:06, 18 October 2023
Line 37:		Line 37:

	It is interesting to note that centenarians, as persons with an extraordinary adaptive capacity, benefit from exceptional biological reserves that might be underestimated by clinical appearances and may live with debilitating disease, but still present an advantage in terms of incident disability and death. Apparently, this is why their biological FI is significantly lower than the clinical FI<ref>Arosio, B., Geraci, A., Ferri, E., Mari, D., & Cesari, M. (2022). Biological Frailty Index in centenarians. Aging clinical and experimental research, 34(3), 687-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01993-x</ref>		It is interesting to note that centenarians, as persons with an extraordinary adaptive capacity, benefit from exceptional biological reserves that might be underestimated by clinical appearances and may live with debilitating disease, but still present an advantage in terms of incident disability and death. Apparently, this is why their biological FI is significantly lower than the clinical FI<ref>Arosio, B., Geraci, A., Ferri, E., Mari, D., & Cesari, M. (2022). Biological Frailty Index in centenarians. Aging clinical and experimental research, 34(3), 687-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-021-01993-x</ref>

			=== Using voice for frailty classification ===
			The possibility to estimate frailty value from voice, using a smartphone recording application, would make a breakthrough in frailty treatment. Voice is an emerging health indicator but has been scarcely studied in the context of frailty.

			The following voice biomarkers were derived:
			* peak and average volume,
			* peak/average volume ratio,
			* pauses’ total length, and pause length standard deviation.<ref>Lin, Y. C., Yan, H. T., Lin, C. H., & Chang, H. H. (2022). Predicting frailty in older adults using vocal biomarkers: a cross-sectional study. BMC geriatrics, 22(1), 549. PMID: 35778699 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9248103/ PMC9248103] DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03237-7</ref>

			The most-frail group had a higher peak volume/average volume ratio and greater variance in lengths of pauses between speech segments. These parameters indicate greater speech irregularity in the most-frail, compared to the less-frail. The most-frail group also had a longer total duration of pauses. Most-frail participants’ speech had different characteristics, compared to participants in the less-frail group.<ref>Rosen-Lang, Y., Zoubi, S., Cialic, R., & Orenstein, T. (2023). Using voice biomarkers for frailty classification. GeroScience, 1-5. PMID: 37480417 DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-023-00872-9 10.1007/s11357-023-00872-9]</ref> It must be assumed that AI with machine learning on a large material will make it possible to accurately and quickly identify frailty and diagnose it.

	== Transitions in frailty phenotype states ==		== Transitions in frailty phenotype states ==

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Transitions in frailty phenotype states */

2023-10-16T16:16:33Z

Transitions in frailty phenotype states

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 Chronic muscle loss increases the risk of serious falls … and even death. However, it could be detected by '''simple urine test "''Myomar''"''' (similar to a home-pregnancy test) '''designed for at-home monitoring of muscle loss'''.<ref>[https://myomarmolecular.ca Myomar Molecular Inc.]
 admmyomar@myomarmolecular.com 1344 Summer St Halifax, NS B3H4R2 Dalhousie University</ref>
 == Prevention and treatment of frailty ==

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* References */

2023-06-15T20:33:30Z

References

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 == References ==
 <references />
 [[Category:Main list]]
 [[Category:Age-related diseases]]
 [[Category:Longevity concepts]]

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury */

2023-05-22T13:36:28Z

Fall risks and how to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 22 May 2023
Line 66:		Line 66:
	*'''Medications.''' Ones that affect cognition, coordination, and vision such as psychoactives, opiates, anticonvulsants, diuretics, laxatives, and sedatives.		*'''Medications.''' Ones that affect cognition, coordination, and vision such as psychoactives, opiates, anticonvulsants, diuretics, laxatives, and sedatives.
	*'''Improper use of assistive devices'''. Having a grab bar, cane or walker can become hazardous if not used precisely and in a coordinated manner.		*'''Improper use of assistive devices'''. Having a grab bar, cane or walker can become hazardous if not used precisely and in a coordinated manner.
			[[File:Armchair with armrests.jpg.jpg\|thumb\|Armchair with armrests. Elevated, warm, padded toilet seat with height-adjustable and load-bearing armrests allows you to sit for long periods without discomfort and can be used not only as a raised toilet seat, but also as a bedside toilet or shower chair. If necessary, you can also insert a backrest.]]

	Technologies designed to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury:		Technologies designed to reduce the likelihood of fall-induced injury:

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Prevention and treatment of frailty */

2023-05-22T09:42:24Z

Prevention and treatment of frailty

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 22 May 2023
Line 51:		Line 51:
	[[File:Поручни в туалете.jpg\|thumb\|Handrails (grab bars) in the toilet for preventing seniors from having falls at home]]		[[File:Поручни в туалете.jpg\|thumb\|Handrails (grab bars) in the toilet for preventing seniors from having falls at home]]

	Since an increased risk of fractures and falls leading to loss of mobility and increased hospitalizations is associated with a weakening of skeletal muscle and a decrease in their mass, the dietary supplement '''β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, HMB)''' with anabolic and anti-catabolic properties has been proposed for long-term use, as one of the means of preventing senile frailty in people over 65 years, '''particularly in bedridden or sedentary'''.<ref name="Rathmacher">Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H. , Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218</ref> Daily intake of 2-3 grams of this drug improves muscle quality and does not have pronounced side effects.<ref>Oktaviana, J., Zanker, J., Vogrin, S., & Duque, G. (2019). The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on sarcopenia and functional frailty in older persons: a systematic review. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 23(2), 145-150. PMID:30697623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y</ref><ref>Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimarães MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EMQ. (2021). [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials] [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Ann Nutr Metab].</ref><ref name="Marshall"> Marshall, R. N., Smeuninx, B., Morgan, P. T., & Breen, L. (2020). Nutritional strategies to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and anabolic resistance in older adults: From whole-foods to isolated ingredients. Nutrients, 12(5), 1533. PMID:32466126 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051533</ref><ref name="Davinelli">Davinelli, S., Corbi , G., & Scapagnini, G. (2021). Frailty syndrome: A target for functional nutrients?. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 111441. PMID:33539905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111441</ref><ref name="Tamura">Tamura, Y., Omura, T., Toyoshima, K., & Araki, A. (2020). Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients, 12(11), 3367. PMID:33139628 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113367</ref> Since calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is less well absorbed by the body, it is advisable to use dietary supplements or high-protein foods to which β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate has been added, while calcium supplements to be given separately.<ref>Peng, LN., Cheng, YC., Yu, PC. et al. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.] [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 J Nutr Health Aging] doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7</ref>		Since an increased risk of fractures and falls leading to loss of mobility and increased hospitalizations is associated with a weakening of skeletal muscle and a decrease in their mass, the dietary supplement '''β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, HMB)''' with anabolic and anti-catabolic properties has been proposed for long-term use, as one of the means of preventing senile frailty in people over 65 years, '''particularly in bedridden or sedentary'''.<ref name="Rathmacher">Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H. , Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218</ref> Daily intake of 2-3 grams of this drug improves muscle quality and does not have pronounced side effects.<ref>Oktaviana, J., Zanker, J., Vogrin, S., & Duque, G. (2019). The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on sarcopenia and functional frailty in older persons: a systematic review. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 23(2), 145-150. PMID:30697623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y</ref><ref>Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimarães MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EMQ. (2021). [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials] [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Ann Nutr Metab].</ref><ref name="Marshall"> Marshall, R. N., Smeuninx, B., Morgan, P. T., & Breen, L. (2020). Nutritional strategies to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and anabolic resistance in older adults: From whole-foods to isolated ingredients. Nutrients, 12(5), 1533. PMID:32466126 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051533</ref><ref name="Davinelli">Davinelli, S., Corbi , G., & Scapagnini, G. (2021). Frailty syndrome: A target for functional nutrients?. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 111441. PMID:33539905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111441</ref><ref name="Tamura">Tamura, Y., Omura, T., Toyoshima, K., & Araki, A. (2020). Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients, 12(11), 3367. PMID:33139628 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113367</ref> In older adults with sarcopenia, HMB significantly enhance the effect of resistance exercise training on muscle strength, physical performance, muscle quality, and reduced inflammatory factors.<ref>Yang, C., Song, Y., Li, T., Chen, X., Zhou, J., Pan, Q., ... & Jia, H. (2023). Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-023-1911-1</ref> According to preclinical studies in rodents, HMB may also improve learning and working memory.<ref>Munroe, M., Mahmassani, Z. S., Dvoretskiy, S., Reid, J. J., Miller, B. F., Hamilton, K., ... & Boppart, M. D. (2020). Cognitive function is preserved in aged mice following long-term β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate supplementation. Nutritional Neuroscience, 23(3), 170-182. PMID: 29914347 DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1483101</ref><ref>Barranco Pérez, A., García, L., Rueda, R., & Ramírez, M. (2022). Effects of beta-Hydroxy beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Working Memory and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Rodents. Nutrients, 14(5):1090. PMID: 35268065 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912805 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051090</ref> Since calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is less well absorbed by the body, it is advisable to use dietary supplements or high-protein foods to which β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate has been added, while calcium supplements to be given separately.<ref>Peng, LN., Cheng, YC., Yu, PC. et al. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.] [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 J Nutr Health Aging] doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7</ref>

	Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>		Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>

Dmitry Dzhagarov: /* Prevention and treatment of frailty */

2023-05-22T08:35:28Z

Prevention and treatment of frailty

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:35, 22 May 2023
Line 51:		Line 51:
	[[File:Поручни в туалете.jpg\|thumb\|Handrails (grab bars) in the toilet for preventing seniors from having falls at home]]		[[File:Поручни в туалете.jpg\|thumb\|Handrails (grab bars) in the toilet for preventing seniors from having falls at home]]

	Since an increased risk of fractures and falls leading to loss of mobility and increased hospitalizations is associated with a weakening of skeletal muscle and a decrease in their mass, the dietary supplement '''beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)''' with anabolic and anti-catabolic properties has been proposed for long-term use, as one of the means of preventing senile frailty in people over 65 years, '''particularly in bedridden or sedentary'''.<ref name="Rathmacher">Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H. , Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218</ref> Daily intake of 2-3 grams of this drug improves muscle quality and does not have pronounced side effects.<ref>Oktaviana, J., Zanker, J., Vogrin, S., & Duque, G. (2019). The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on sarcopenia and functional frailty in older persons: a systematic review. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 23(2), 145-150. PMID:30697623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y</ref><ref>Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimarães MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EMQ. (2021). [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials] [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Ann Nutr Metab].</ref><ref name="Marshall"> Marshall, R. N., Smeuninx, B., Morgan, P. T., & Breen, L. (2020). Nutritional strategies to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and anabolic resistance in older adults: From whole-foods to isolated ingredients. Nutrients, 12(5), 1533. PMID:32466126 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051533</ref><ref name="Davinelli">Davinelli, S., Corbi , G., & Scapagnini, G. (2021). Frailty syndrome: A target for functional nutrients?. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 111441. PMID:33539905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111441</ref><ref name="Tamura">Tamura, Y., Omura, T., Toyoshima, K., & Araki, A. (2020). Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients, 12(11), 3367. PMID:33139628 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113367</ref> Since calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is less well absorbed by the body, it is advisable to use dietary supplements or high-protein foods to which β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate has been added, while calcium supplements to be given separately.<ref>Peng, LN., Cheng, YC., Yu, PC. et al. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.] [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 J Nutr Health Aging] doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7</ref>		Since an increased risk of fractures and falls leading to loss of mobility and increased hospitalizations is associated with a weakening of skeletal muscle and a decrease in their mass, the dietary supplement '''β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, HMB)''' with anabolic and anti-catabolic properties has been proposed for long-term use, as one of the means of preventing senile frailty in people over 65 years, '''particularly in bedridden or sedentary'''.<ref name="Rathmacher">Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H. , Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218</ref> Daily intake of 2-3 grams of this drug improves muscle quality and does not have pronounced side effects.<ref>Oktaviana, J., Zanker, J., Vogrin, S., & Duque, G. (2019). The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on sarcopenia and functional frailty in older persons: a systematic review. The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 23(2), 145-150. PMID:30697623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1153-y</ref><ref>Costa Riela NA, Alvim Guimarães MM, Oliveira de Almeida D, Araujo EMQ. (2021). [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Effects of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Elderly Body Composition and Muscle Strength: A Review of Clinical Trials] [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/514236 Ann Nutr Metab].</ref><ref name="Marshall"> Marshall, R. N., Smeuninx, B., Morgan, P. T., & Breen, L. (2020). Nutritional strategies to offset disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and anabolic resistance in older adults: From whole-foods to isolated ingredients. Nutrients, 12(5), 1533. PMID:32466126 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051533</ref><ref name="Davinelli">Davinelli, S., Corbi , G., & Scapagnini, G. (2021). Frailty syndrome: A target for functional nutrients?. Mechanisms of Aging and Development, 111441. PMID:33539905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2021.111441</ref><ref name="Tamura">Tamura, Y., Omura, T., Toyoshima, K., & Araki, A. (2020). Nutrition Management in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Review on the Importance of Shifting Prevention Strategies from Metabolic Syndrome to Frailty. Nutrients, 12(11), 3367. PMID:33139628 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7693664 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113367</ref> Since calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is less well absorbed by the body, it is advisable to use dietary supplements or high-protein foods to which β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate has been added, while calcium supplements to be given separately.<ref>Peng, LN., Cheng, YC., Yu, PC. et al. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 Oral Nutritional Supplement with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Improves Nutrition, Physical Performance and Ameliorates Intramuscular Adiposity in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.] [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7 J Nutr Health Aging] doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1621-7</ref>

	Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>		Cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for accelerated muscle loss, poor physical performance and falls.<ref>Wintermeyer, E., Ihle, C., Ehnert, S., Stöckle, U., Ochs, G., De Zwart, P., ... & Nussler, A. K. (2016). Crucial role of vitamin D in the musculoskeletal system. Nutrients, 8(6), 319. PMID:27258303 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4924160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8060319</ref> Therefore, it is recommended that those patients with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> levels below 30 ng/ml also take for three months vitamin D<sub>3</sub> capsules (1000-2000 IU/day divided into two doses) or until its serum level reaches a sufficient range (30-60 ng/ml).<ref>Rathmacher, J. A., Pitchford, L. M., Khoo, P., Angus, H., Lang, J., Lowry, K., ... & Sharp, R. L. (2020). Long-term Effects of Calcium β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscular Function in Older Adults With and Without Resistance Training: A Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 75(11), 2089-2097. PMID:32857128 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7566440 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa218 </ref>