Isomyosamine - Revision history

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 17:20, 24 November 2023

2023-11-24T17:20:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:20, 24 November 2023
Line 17:		Line 17:
	'''Isomyosamine (isomyosmine)''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />		'''Isomyosamine (isomyosmine)''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />

	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref> Many in vivo and in vitro studies showed that TNFα plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including diabetes,<ref>Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Liaqat, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(1), 105-110. PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174</ref><ref>Alzamil, H. (2020). Elevated serum TNF-α is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance. Journal of obesity, 2020. PMID: 32089876 PMCID: PMC7013317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5076858</ref> Alzheimer’s disease,<ref>Decourt, B., K Lahiri, D., & N Sabbagh, M. (2017). Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha for Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 14(4), 412-425. PMID: 27697064 PMCID: PMC5328927 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551</ref><ref>Torres-Acosta, N., O’Keefe, J. H., O’Keefe, E. L., Isaacson, R., & Small, G. (2020). Therapeutic potential of TNF-α inhibition for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(2), 619-626. PMID: 33016914 PMCID: PMC7739965 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200711</ref> rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>BRENNAN, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1992). TNFα—a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology, 31(5), 293-298. PMID: 1581770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.5.293</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref><ref>Eckford C., Brager J. (2023). [https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/article/188533/developing-a-first-in-class-small-molecule-drug-for-inflammatory-disease/ Developing a first-in-class small molecule drug for inflammatory disease]. European Pharmaceutical Review.</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref> Many in vivo and in vitro studies showed that TNFα plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including diabetes,<ref>Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Liaqat, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(1), 105-110. PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174</ref><ref>Alzamil, H. (2020). Elevated serum TNF-α is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance. Journal of obesity, 2020. PMID: 32089876 PMCID: PMC7013317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5076858</ref> Alzheimer’s disease,<ref>Decourt, B., K Lahiri, D., & N Sabbagh, M. (2017). Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha for Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 14(4), 412-425. PMID: 27697064 PMCID: PMC5328927 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551</ref><ref>Torres-Acosta, N., O’Keefe, J. H., O’Keefe, E. L., Isaacson, R., & Small, G. (2020). Therapeutic potential of TNF-α inhibition for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(2), 619-626. PMID: 33016914 PMCID: PMC7739965 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200711</ref> rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>BRENNAN, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1992). TNFα—a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology, 31(5), 293-298. PMID: 1581770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.5.293</ref>

	MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 even slightly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 even slightly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 01:16, 16 July 2023

2023-07-16T01:16:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:16, 16 July 2023
Line 19:		Line 19:
	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref> Many in vivo and in vitro studies showed that TNFα plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including diabetes,<ref>Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Liaqat, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(1), 105-110. PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174</ref><ref>Alzamil, H. (2020). Elevated serum TNF-α is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance. Journal of obesity, 2020. PMID: 32089876 PMCID: PMC7013317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5076858</ref> Alzheimer’s disease,<ref>Decourt, B., K Lahiri, D., & N Sabbagh, M. (2017). Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha for Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 14(4), 412-425. PMID: 27697064 PMCID: PMC5328927 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551</ref><ref>Torres-Acosta, N., O’Keefe, J. H., O’Keefe, E. L., Isaacson, R., & Small, G. (2020). Therapeutic potential of TNF-α inhibition for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(2), 619-626. PMID: 33016914 PMCID: PMC7739965 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200711</ref> rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>BRENNAN, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1992). TNFα—a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology, 31(5), 293-298. PMID: 1581770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.5.293</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref> Many in vivo and in vitro studies showed that TNFα plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including diabetes,<ref>Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Liaqat, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(1), 105-110. PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174</ref><ref>Alzamil, H. (2020). Elevated serum TNF-α is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance. Journal of obesity, 2020. PMID: 32089876 PMCID: PMC7013317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5076858</ref> Alzheimer’s disease,<ref>Decourt, B., K Lahiri, D., & N Sabbagh, M. (2017). Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha for Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 14(4), 412-425. PMID: 27697064 PMCID: PMC5328927 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551</ref><ref>Torres-Acosta, N., O’Keefe, J. H., O’Keefe, E. L., Isaacson, R., & Small, G. (2020). Therapeutic potential of TNF-α inhibition for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(2), 619-626. PMID: 33016914 PMCID: PMC7739965 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200711</ref> rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>BRENNAN, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1992). TNFα—a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology, 31(5), 293-298. PMID: 1581770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.5.293</ref>

	MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 ~~markedly~~ outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 even slightly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />
	[[File:Различия в структурных формулах никотина, миосмина и изомиосмина.jpg\|thumb\|Differences in the structural formulas of nicotine, myosmin and isomyosmin.]]		[[File:Различия в структурных формулах никотина, миосмина и изомиосмина.jpg\|thumb\|Differences in the structural formulas of nicotine, myosmin and isomyosmin.]]

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 21:23, 1 June 2023

2023-06-01T21:23:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:23, 1 June 2023
Line 17:		Line 17:
	'''Isomyosamine (isomyosmine)''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />		'''Isomyosamine (isomyosmine)''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />

	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref> Many in vivo and in vitro studies showed that TNFα plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of various age-related diseases, including diabetes,<ref>Akash, M. S. H., Rehman, K., & Liaqat, A. (2018). Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha: role in development of insulin resistance and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of cellular biochemistry, 119(1), 105-110. PMID: 28569437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26174</ref><ref>Alzamil, H. (2020). Elevated serum TNF-α is related to obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with glycemic control and insulin resistance. Journal of obesity, 2020. PMID: 32089876 PMCID: PMC7013317 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5076858</ref> Alzheimer’s disease,<ref>Decourt, B., K Lahiri, D., & N Sabbagh, M. (2017). Targeting tumor necrosis factor alpha for Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research, 14(4), 412-425. PMID: 27697064 PMCID: PMC5328927 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160930110551</ref><ref>Torres-Acosta, N., O’Keefe, J. H., O’Keefe, E. L., Isaacson, R., & Small, G. (2020). Therapeutic potential of TNF-α inhibition for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 78(2), 619-626. PMID: 33016914 PMCID: PMC7739965 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200711</ref> rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>BRENNAN, F. M., Maini, R. N., & Feldmann, M. (1992). TNFα—a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis?. Rheumatology, 31(5), 293-298. PMID: 1581770 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/31.5.293</ref>

	MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 07:53, 16 May 2023

2023-05-16T07:53:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 16 May 2023
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	MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />
	[[File:~~Differences in the structural formula of nicotine and isomyosmin~~.jpg\|thumb\|Differences in the structural ~~formula~~ of nicotine and isomyosmin]]		[[File:Различия в структурных формулах никотина, миосмина и изомиосмина.jpg\|thumb\|Differences in the structural formulas of nicotine, myosmin and isomyosmin.]]


	[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).		[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 20:18, 15 May 2023

2023-05-15T20:18:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 15 May 2023
Line 20:		Line 20:

	MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />
			[[File:Differences in the structural formula of nicotine and isomyosmin.jpg\|thumb\|Differences in the structural formula of nicotine and isomyosmin]]


	[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).		[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).

Dmitry Dzhagarov at 18:18, 15 May 2023

2023-05-15T18:18:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:18, 15 May 2023
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	\| brand name '''MYMD-1®'''		\| brand name '''MYMD-1®'''
	\|} ]]		\|} ]]
	'''Isomyosamine''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />		'''Isomyosamine (isomyosmine)''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />

	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>
Line 25:		Line 25:
	Apart from longevity, isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>		Apart from longevity, isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>

	The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MyMD-1 is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are currently evaluating the effectiveness of MyMD-1 in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.		The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MyMD-1 is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are currently evaluating the effectiveness of MyMD-1 in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486]) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications. (see: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05283486 NCT05283486])

	== References ==		== References ==

Andrea at 10:29, 9 March 2023

2023-03-09T10:29:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 9 March 2023
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	~~{{DISPLAYTITLE:Isomyosamine (MyMD1)}}~~
	[[File:Isomyosamine.jpg\|thumb\|		[[File:Isomyosamine.jpg\|thumb\|
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	[[Category:Drugs]]		[[Category:Drugs]]
	[[Category:Main list]]		[[Category:Main list]]
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Isomyosamine (MyMD1)}}~~

Andrea at 10:25, 9 March 2023

2023-03-09T10:25:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:25, 9 March 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{DISPLAYTITLE:Isomyosamine (MyMD1)}}
	[[File:Isomyosamine.jpg\|thumb\|		[[File:Isomyosamine.jpg\|thumb\|
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>

	~~MYMD~~-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, ~~MYMD~~-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MyMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MyMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />

	[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).		[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).
Line 25:		Line 26:
	Apart from longevity, isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>		Apart from longevity, isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>

	The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> ~~MYMD~~-1 is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are currently evaluating the effectiveness of ~~MYMD~~-1 in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.		The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MyMD-1 is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are currently evaluating the effectiveness of MyMD-1 in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.

	== References ==		== References ==
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	[[Category:Drugs]]		[[Category:Drugs]]
	[[Category:Main list]]		[[Category:Main list]]
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Isomyosamine (MyMD1)}}

Andrea at 10:18, 9 March 2023

2023-03-09T10:18:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 9 March 2023
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	Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>

	MYMD-1® targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MYMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />		MYMD-1 targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MYMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />

	~~Isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential~~ in ~~many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,~~<ref ~~name="Capsules"~~>~~Brager~~, ~~J., Chapman, C~~., ~~Dunn~~, L., & ~~Kaplin~~, A. (~~2023~~). ~~A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study~~ to ~~Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects~~. ~~Drug Research~~, 73(02), 95-~~104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10~~.~~1055/a-1962-6834~~</ref>~~<ref>[https://nndc.org/wp~~-~~content/uploads/2021/09/Basic~~-~~Science-Kumar-email.pdf~~ MyMD-1~~: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis~~,~~<ref name="encephalomyelitis"~~ /~~> and rheumatoid arthritis~~.<ref name="~~Capsules~~" />~~<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99~~-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>		[[Rapamycin]] is the gold standard longevity drug, given its consistency and reproducibility in extending lifespan and prolonging healthspan across a wide spectrum of animal models.<ref>Fontana, L., Partridge, L., & Longo, V. D. (2010). Extending healthy life span—from yeast to humans. ''science'', ''328''(5976), 321-326.</ref> The non-inferiority study of MyMD-1 when compared to rapamycin, make it an attractive alternative, especially if MyMD-1 superiority proves to be reproducible, as claimed by the study in C57BL/6 mice.<ref name="mTOR" /> For now, it is still premature to conclude MyMD-1 is superior to rapamycin and further studies will need to replicate these findings, potentially via the NIH Aging Interventions Testing Program (ITP).

	The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MYMD-1® is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are evaluating the effectiveness of MYMD-1® in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.		Apart from longevity, isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>

			The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MYMD-1 is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are currently evaluating the effectiveness of MYMD-1 in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.

	== References ==		== References ==

Andrea: Reviewed entry

2023-03-09T10:08:44Z

Reviewed entry

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:08, 9 March 2023
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	\| brand name '''MYMD-1®'''		\| brand name '''MYMD-1®'''
	\|} ]]		\|} ]]
	'''Isomyosamine''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant and capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), an inflammatory cytokine in other words immune cell signaling protein, that is responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located at the head of the cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>		'''Isomyosamine''', an isomer of myosmine, known by the brand name '''MYMD-1®''', is a synthetic alkaloid derived from tobacco plant with potential lifespan extending properties.<ref name="mTOR" />
	MYMD-1® targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD"/><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref>
	Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MYMD-1 markedly outperformed rapamycin in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR"/>

	Isomyosamine ~~holds significant promise in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis~~,<ref ~~name="MYMD"/~~> ~~multiple sclerosis,~~<ref name="~~Capsules~~">~~Brager, J., Chapman~~, C., ~~Dunn~~, L., & ~~Kaplin~~, A. (~~2023~~). ~~A Double~~-~~blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase~~ 1 ~~Study to Evaluate the Safety~~, ~~Tolerability~~, and ~~Pharmacokinetics~~ of ~~Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research~~, 73(02), 95-~~104~~. PMID: ~~36368677 PMC9902179 DOI~~: 10.~~1055~~/~~a-1962-6834</ref><ref>~~[https://~~nndc~~.org/~~wp-content~~/~~uploads/2021/09~~/~~Basic-Science-Kumar-email~~.~~pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression~~]</ref> ~~autoimmune encephalomyelitis~~,<ref ~~name="encephalomyelitis"/~~> ~~rheumatoid arthritis~~.~~<ref name="Capsules"/><ref>~~[https://~~www~~.~~sec~~.gov/~~Archives~~/~~edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99~~-~~1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF~~-~~α Inhibitor MYMD~~-~~1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]~~</ref>		Isomyosamine is capable of suppressing production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): an immune cell signalling protein and inflammatory cytokine responsible for inducing and maintaining the inflammatory process.<ref>Kaplin, B. A. (2021). [https://www.technologynetworks.com/drug-discovery/blog/eliciting-the-hormetic-effect-the-importance-of-plant-alkaloids-for-treatment-of-inflammation-345557 Eliciting the Hormetic Effect: The Importance of Plant Alkaloids for Treatment of Inflammation.] Industry Insight Published: February 15, 2021</ref><ref name="MYMD">Di Dalmazi, G., Chalan, P., & Caturegli, P. (2019). MYMD-1, a novel immunometabolic regulator, ameliorates autoimmune thyroiditis via suppression of Th1 responses and TNF-α release. The Journal of Immunology, 202(5), 1350-1362. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30674573 30674573] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1801238 10.4049/jimmunol.1801238]</ref> TNF-α is located upstream of a cascade of molecular signals that induces inflammation, promotes insulin resistance and helps activate the process of aging.<ref>Sethi, J. K., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2021). Metabolic Messengers: tumour necrosis factor. Nature metabolism, 3(10), 1302-1312. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34650277 34650277] DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00470-z</ref>

	The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules"/> MYMD-1® is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. ~~The company is~~ evaluating MYMD-1® in Phase 2 studies for sarcopenia/frailty,<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> a result of the aging process, ~~as well as~~ early-stage trials for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.		MYMD-1® targets the root causes of inflammation and regulates the immuno-metabolic system through the modulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A.<ref name="MYMD" /><ref name="encephalomyelitis">Glenn, J. D., Pantoja, I. M., Caturegli, P., & Whartenby, K. A. (2020). MYMD-1, a novel alkaloid compound, ameliorates the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 339, 577115. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31778849 31778849] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577115]</ref> Moreover, '''isomyosamine exhibits similar biological activities to mTOR inhibitors''' [[rapamycin]], everolimus and sirolimus owing to their largely overlapping mechanisms of action.<ref name="mTOR">Sabini, E., O’Mahony, A., & Caturegli, P. (2022). MyMD-1 Improves Health Span and Prolongs Life Span in Old Mice: A Noninferiority Study to Rapamycin. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. PMID:[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35914953/ 35914953] DOI:[https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glac142 10.1093/gerona/glac142]</ref> '''Furthermore, MYMD-1 markedly outperformed [[rapamycin]] in a mouse longevity study'''.<ref name="mTOR" />

			Isomyosamine holds significant therapeutic potential in many autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune thyroiditis,<ref name="MYMD" /> multiple sclerosis,<ref name="Capsules">Brager, J., Chapman, C., Dunn, L., & Kaplin, A. (2023). A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Single Ascending, and Multiple Dose Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dose Isomyosamine Capsules in Healthy Adult Subjects. Drug Research, 73(02), 95-104. PMID: 36368677 PMC9902179 DOI: 10.1055/a-1962-6834</ref><ref>[https://nndc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Basic-Science-Kumar-email.pdf MyMD-1: Potential treatment for s Multiple Sclerosis Depression]</ref> autoimmune encephalomyelitis,<ref name="encephalomyelitis" /> and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name="Capsules" /><ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315223006264/ex99-1.htm MyMD Pharmaceuticals® Announces Upcoming Presentation of Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis Data for Oral TNF-α Inhibitor MYMD-1® at the Society of Toxicology 2023 Annual Meeting on March 20, 2023, at 9:00 AM CT]</ref>

			The ease of Isomyosamine oral dosing is a groundbreaking differentiator compared to currently available TNF-α blockers, all of which require delivery by injection or infusion, whereas MyMD-1 is available orally as capsules.<ref name="Capsules" /> MYMD-1® is not detrimental to cell viability and is a small molecule that can cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially enabling it to treat brain-related disease. Commercial efforts are evaluating the effectiveness of MYMD-1® in Phase II studies for treating sarcopenia/[[frailty]]<ref>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1321834/000149315222020346/ex99-1.htm The Phase 2 multi-center double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study (NCT05283486) investigates the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of MYMD-1 in the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with sarcopenia/frailty in participants aged 65 years or older.]</ref> as a result of the aging process, and other early-stage clinical trials are evaluating its use for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with the potential to expand into other applications.

	== References ==		== References ==