Age-related hearing loss
Age-related hearing loss (or presbycusis) is the gradual loss of hearing in both ears. It's a common problem linked to aging. Presbycusis is a complex multidimensional disorder, in addition to aging, multiple factors including exposure to noise, or ototoxic agents, genetic susceptibility, metabolic diseases and lifestyle can influence the onset and severity of presbycusis. Nevertheless, among this variety of factors involved in hearing loss, aging is one of the most widely recognized. The hearing loss begins at the highest frequency measured (6 kHz) and, with increasing age, expands both in the magnitude and extent of the loss.[1][2][3] Hearing loss also comes with consequences, for example, it has been proven to be the most significant risk factor for dementia development even in middle-aged people (45–65 years of age).[4] Patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) have a significantly higher cardiovascular risk factors such as concomitant diabetes, hypertension, and higher total cholesterol in comparison to matched controls.[5][6]
The perception of sound, movement, and balance depends on a special sensory organ called the cochlea, which contains hair cells and supporting cells in the inner ear.[7]
Biological clock of aging based on audiogram
Humans can hear up to 20 kHz. Emerging evidence suggests that hearing in the extended high frequencies (EHFs; >8 kHz) contributes to speech perception in noise. Age-related deterioration in auditory function can be observed in the third decade of human life. A breakpoint in the threshold-age function suggests that rapid aging processes are operational at a relatively younger age (21 years) for males.[8]
Pharmacotherapy for hearing loss
References
- ↑ Aziz, A., Daud, M. K. M., Othman, N. A. N., & Abd Rahman, N. (2020). Early detection of high-frequency presbycusis among normal hearing individuals. Otology & Neurotology, 41(8), e989-e992. DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002725
- ↑ Škerková, M., Kovalová, M., & Mrázková, E. (2021). High-frequency audiometry for early detection of hearing loss: a narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094702
- ↑ Škerková, M., Kovalová, M., Rychlý, T., Tomášková, H., Šlachtová, H., Čada, Z., ... & Mrázková, E. (2023). Extended high-frequency audiometry: hearing thresholds in adults. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 280(2), 565-572. PMC9244329
- ↑ Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., ... & Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413-446. PMC7392084
- ↑ Tan, C. J. W., Koh, J. W. T., Tan, B. K. J., Woon, C. Y., Teo, Y. H., Ng, L. S., & Loh, W. S. (2023). Association Between Hearing Loss and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta‐analysis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.599
- ↑ Saba, E. S., Swisher, A. R., Ansari, G. N., & Rivero, A. (2023). Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 168(5), 907-921. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.163
- ↑ Goutman, J. D., Elgoyhen, A. B., & Gómez-Casati, M. E. (2015). Cochlear hair cells: the sound-sensing machines. FEBS letters, 589(22), 3354-3361. PMC4641020
- ↑ Mishra, S. K., Saxena, U., & Rodrigo, H. (2022). Extended high-frequency hearing impairment despite a normal audiogram: Relation to early aging, speech-in-noise perception, cochlear function, and routine earphone use. Ear and Hearing, 43(3), 822-835. DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001140
- ↑ Tavanai, E., Rahimi, V., Khalili, M. E., Falahzadeh, S., Zarandy, M. M., & Mohammadkhani, G. (2024). Age-related hearing loss: An updated and comprehensive review of the interventions. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 27(3), 256. PMC10849199
- ↑ Hu, S., Sun, Q., Xu, F., Jiang, N., & Gao, J. (2023). Age-related hearing loss and its potential drug candidates: a systematic review. Chinese Medicine, 18(1), 121. PMC10512576
- ↑ Hinton, A. S., Yang-Hood, A., Schrader, A. D., Loose, C., Ohlemiller, K. K., & McLean, W. J. (2021). Approaches to treat sensorineural hearing loss by hair-cell regeneration: The current state of therapeutic developments and their potential impact on audiological clinical practice. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 32(10), 661-669. PMC9129918
- ↑ Matsunaga, M., & Nakagawa, T. (2023). Future pharmacotherapy for sensorineural hearing loss by protection and regeneration of auditory hair cells. Pharmaceutics, 15(3), 777. PMC10054686
