Six major anti-aging drugs and their related signal pathways,

From Longevity Wiki

Six major anti-aging drugs and their related signal pathways (with 6 circuit illustrations) according to Nannan Du et al. and Qiang Sun:[1]

  1. . Rapamycin and the Aging-Related mTOR Signal Pathway
  2. . Metformin and the Aging-Related AMPK Signal Pathway
  3. . Acarbose and Aging-Related Nutrient Signal Pathways
  4. . NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) and the Aging-Related SIRT1 Signal Pathway
  5. . Lithium and Telomeres Length Regulation
  6. . NSAIDs (Aspirin ets) and the Aging-Related Energy Metabolism
  7. . ACE inhibitors: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors decrease the formation of angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, and increase the level of bradykinin, a peptide vasodilator. Medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. Analysis indicated that the lifespan effects of Captopril are additive to other known life-extending interventions (and genes), including the insulin/IGF-1 pathway (age-1 and daf-2), caloric restriction (eat-2), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase (sir-2.1), heat shock (hsf-1), and mitochondria insufficiency (isp-1).[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
  8. . SGLT2 inhibitors: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are diabetes drugs that help lower a person's blood sugar by pushing more glucose out of their body in urine. In anti-aging research in mice SGLT2s have been shown to extend lifespan.[9]

We added the last two drugs to the list based on the fact that they can significantly prolong the life of laboratory animals.

References

  1. ↑ Du, N., Yang, R., Jiang, S., Niu, Z., Zhou, W., Liu, C., ... & Sun, Q. (2024). Anti-Aging Drugs and the Related Signal Pathways. Biomedicines, 12(1), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010127
  2. ↑ Le, D., Brown, L., Malik, K., & Murakami, S. (2021). Two opposing functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that links hypertension, dementia, and aging. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(24), 13178. PMID: 34947975 PMC8707689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413178
  3. ↑ Strong, R., Miller, R. A., Cheng, C. J., Nelson, J. F., Gelfond, J., Allani, S. K., ... & Harrison, D. E. (2022). Lifespan benefits for the combination of rapamycin plus acarbose and for captopril in genetically heterogeneous mice. Aging Cell, 21(12), e13724. PMC9741502
  4. ↑ Spindler, S. R., Mote, P. L., & Flegal, J. M. (2016). Combined statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment increases the lifespan of long-lived F1 male mice. Age, 38, 379-391. PMC5266223
  5. ↑ Kumar, S., Dietrich, N., & Kornfeld, K. (2016). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span. PLoS genetics, 12(2), e1005866.
  6. ↑ Ferder, L. E. O. N., Inserra, F. E. L. I. P. E., Romano, L. U. I. S., Ercole, L. I. L. I. A. N. A., & Pszenny, V. I. V. I. A. N. A. (1993). Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on mitochondrial number in the aging mouse. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 265(1), C15-C18.
  7. ↑ Santos, E. L., de Picoli Souza, K., da Silva, E. D., Batista, E. C., Martins, P. J. F., D’Almeida, V., & Pesquero, J. B. (2009). Long term treatment with ACE inhibitor enalapril decreases body weight gain and increases life span in rats. Biochemical pharmacology, 78(8), 951-958. PMID: 19549507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.06.018
  8. ↑ Takeshita, H., Yamamoto, K., Mogi, M., Nozato, S., & Rakugi, H. (2023). Is the anti-aging effect of ACE2 due to its role in the renin-angiotensin system?—Findings from a comparison of the aging phenotypes of ACE2-deficient, Tsukuba hypertensive, and Mas-deficient mice—. Hypertension Research, 46(5), 1210-1220. PMID: 36788301 PMC9925940 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01189-y
  9. ↑ Miller, R. A., Harrison, D. E., Allison, D. B., Bogue, M., Debarba, L., Diaz, V., ... & Strong, R. (2020). Canagliflozin extends life span in genetically heterogeneous male but not female mice. JCI insight, 5(21). PMC7710304
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